Novato Building Department | Permits, Inspections & Official Contact

Novato permit action guide

Use the New Novato Permits Portal, Clear Plan Review and Reach Final Inspection

Novato no longer uses its former eTRAKiT process for new applications. Building, Planning and Public Works applications now begin in the Novato Permits portal, where applicants upload plans, pay invoices, track reviews and request inspections.

This guide explains which projects qualify for an instant residential express permit, what must be uploaded for a standard application, how current fees are calculated, when Planning, Fire, Public Works, floodplain or tree approval is needed, and how to close old or new permits correctly.

New MaintStar portal and migrated-project instructions
FY 2026–27 permit, plan-check and inspection fees
Planning, Fire, floodplain, tree, ADU and record steps
Novato building plans moving through online permit review and inspection An animated plan, Novato hills and civic clock tower, online permit-review screen, permit document and final inspection check explain the Novato building process. NOVATO PROJECT PLANS NOVATO PERMITS ISSUED PERMIT FINAL INSPECTION PASSED
NEW
Novato Permits replaced the former application system Applications can be submitted through the new portal. Projects previously filed in eTRAKiT or before the September 2025 transition were transferred and can be continued after creating portal credentials.
SCAM
Do not pay a permit invoice from an email link The city warns that scammers use real permit addresses, case numbers and staff names. Official city addresses end in @novato.gov, and legitimate portal notices come from noreply.novato@maintstar.co. Permit payments are made through Novato Permits or in person—not by wire transfer, payment app or cryptocurrency.
Start here

Choose the Novato Task You Need Right Now

Novato Permit Route Finder

Select the project or problem that most closely matches your situation.

Official contact panel

Novato Building Division Phone, Email, Address and Hours

Community Development 415-899-8989 Building, Planning and permit assistance
General permit questions permitinfo@novato.gov Account, intake and general assistance
Application submittal process permitcenter@novato.gov Current portal-submittal questions
Plan review and inspections building@novato.gov Issued permits, review and inspection questions
Planning Division planning@novato.gov Zoning, entitlements, trees and ADUs
Office address 922 Machin Avenue Novato, CA 94945
Office operations 9:00 AM–5:00 PM Monday–Thursday and alternating Fridays
Public counter 9:00 AM–11:00 AM Monday–Thursday
Before contacting staff: Have the property address, parcel number, portal record number, project description and the name of the missing review or inspection ready.
Avoid the wrong permit agency

City of Novato or Unincorporated Marin County?

1

Use the City of Novato when

  • The parcel is inside the incorporated city-limit boundary.
  • The address appears in Novato Permits.
  • The city Planning map identifies a Novato zoning designation.
2

Use Marin County when

  • The property is outside the incorporated city boundary.
  • The postal address says Novato but the parcel is unincorporated.
  • Marin County property tools identify county jurisdiction.
Postal address warning: A “Novato, CA” mailing address does not prove the parcel is inside city limits. Confirm jurisdiction before paying a fee or commissioning final plans.

Open Novato Maps Open Marin County Building & Safety

Submission-method decision

Express Permit, Standard Building Permit or Planning Application?

Project or request
Starting route
Exact next step
Like-for-like residential water heater
Express permit
Licensed contractor or qualified agent applies through Novato Permits.
Like-for-like residential HVAC in the same location
Express permit
Confirm no equipment-type or location change before selecting the instant permit.
Residential electrical-panel replacement in the same location
Express permit
Use the express option only when the scope exactly matches the portal description.
Like-for-like residential reroof
Express permit
Roof pitch cannot change, and a roof with existing solar does not qualify.
Like-for-like residential windows or doors
Express permit
Opening location and size must remain unchanged.
New house, addition, structural remodel or pool
Standard building permit
Select the correct standard application and upload a complete plan package.
Use permit, design review, subdivision or discretionary project
Planning first
Complete the entitlement before applying for the related building permit.
Grading, encroachment or work in the public right-of-way
Public Works permit
Apply under the Public Works section in Novato Permits.
Tree removal
Planning tree permit
Upload the application, site plan, photos and arborist letter.
Building inspection
My Inspections
The permit must be issued, and the requester must be a listed record contact.
Select carefully: The city’s portal instructions say the permit type cannot be changed after an application is submitted. An incorrect selection may require a new application.
Instant residential permits

Express Permits Have Strict Eligibility Rules

Who may apply?

A licensed contractor or qualified permit agent with a valid California contractor license.

Local business requirement

The contractor must hold a valid City of Novato business license.

What happens?

Eligible express permits can be applied for, paid and issued online without standard plan review.

A project that changes equipment type, location, window size, roof pitch or another material condition must use the standard permit route.
Portal workflow

Apply for a Novato Building Permit in Six Steps

Confirm jurisdiction, zoning and outside reviews

Check the city boundary, zoning, Planning entitlement, Fire requirements, flood zone, trees, grading, utilities and sanitary-district requirements.

Resolve first: A use permit, design review or subdivision entitlement when the project requires discretionary Planning approval.

Create and validate the portal account

Register in Novato Permits and complete the My Profile credential-validation process before applying or requesting inspections.

Select the exact application type

Search by keyword, read the permit name and description, and make sure the selected option matches the work.

Important: The application type cannot be changed after submission.

Add every project contact

Include the owner, applicant, contractor, architect, engineer and other responsible people.

Inspection access: A person requesting an inspection must be listed as a contact on the permit record.

Complete details and upload documents

Enter a clear scope, valuation and project information. Upload every file marked as required for that permit type.

Review before submitting: Confirm the address, permit type, contacts, scope and uploaded attachments.

Pay, respond and wait for issuance

Monitor the portal for invoices and review comments. Upload a coordinated correction package and wait until the status is issued before starting work.

Do not start: A submitted, paid or approved application is not an issued building permit.
Application readiness

Prepare These Files Before Opening the Application

Property and people

  • Exact project address
  • Assessor parcel number
  • Owner contact information
  • Applicant information
  • Contractor license
  • City business license

Construction documents

  • Cover and code sheet
  • Site plan or survey
  • Existing and proposed plans
  • Exterior elevations
  • Building sections
  • Structural details

Supporting documents

  • Structural calculations
  • Energy documents
  • CALGreen checklist
  • Geotechnical report
  • Fire documents
  • Planning approval
Plan-review quality

Make the Plan Set Easier to Review

Use one coordinated set

Architectural, structural, civil, energy and trade drawings should show the same dimensions, equipment and project scope.

Use readable file names

  • 01-Application.pdf
  • 02-Architectural-Plans.pdf
  • 03-Structural-Plans.pdf
  • 04-Calculations.pdf
  • 05-Energy-CALGreen.pdf

Answer corrections directly

List each comment, provide the response and identify the exact revised sheet and detail.

The normal plan-review fee includes up to two plan checks. Third and later review cycles may be charged at the city’s hourly rate.
Permit-required guide

Common Work That Requires a Novato Building Permit

Building

  • Additions and remodels
  • Kitchens and bathrooms
  • Decks and balconies
  • Patio covers
  • Garage conversions
  • Demolition

Exterior

  • Reroofing
  • Siding replacement
  • New or replaced windows
  • Skylights
  • Retaining walls
  • Pools and spas

Mechanical and plumbing

  • Heating or air conditioning
  • Duct installation
  • Water heaters
  • Gas piping
  • Water or drain piping
  • Solar water heating

Electrical

  • Service panels
  • New circuits
  • Lighting and wiring
  • Solar photovoltaic systems
  • Pool and spa electrical
  • Appliance circuits
Limited exemptions

Some Work May Be Building-Permit Exempt

Possible exemption
Published limit
What still applies
Detached storage shed or playhouse
One story and no more than 120 square feet
Zoning, setbacks, wildfire rules and other local regulations
Retaining wall
Not over four feet from footing bottom to wall top
Permit required when supporting a surcharge or regulated liquid
Sidewalk or driveway
No more than 30 inches above grade and not over occupied space
Public Works, drainage and accessibility rules
Finish work
Painting, papering, tiling, carpet, cabinets and counters
A permit is required when structural or regulated-system work is included
Small prefabricated residential pool
Under 24 inches deep, no more than 5,000 gallons and entirely above ground
Zoning, electrical, barrier and flood-zone requirements
Minor plumbing repair
Clearing stoppages or stopping leaks without replacing or rearranging piping
Permit required when valves, pipes or fixtures are replaced or rearranged
Fence warning: Building and zoning thresholds are not identical. The June 2026 building guide identifies fences under seven feet as potentially building-permit exempt, while Planning standards can impose lower height and location limits. Every fence in a flood zone is identified as requiring a building permit. Confirm before installation.
Emergency repairs may be performed when necessary, but the permit application must be submitted by the next working business day.
FY 2026–27 fee schedule

How Novato Building-Permit Fees Are Calculated

DATE
Current schedule effective July 1, 2026 The city invoice may include permit issuance, plan review, General Plan maintenance, technology, state fees, Planning, Public Works, Fire and outside-agency charges.

Permit issuance

$79

General Plan fee

10% of the permit fee when applicable.

Technology fee

10% of the permit fee when applicable.

Standard plan review

80% of the building-permit fee when applicable.

Total construction valuation
FY 2026–27 base permit calculation
$1–$2,000
$187.95
$2,001–$25,000
$187.95 for the first $2,000 plus $22.55 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
$25,001–$50,000
$706.65 for the first $25,000 plus $20.75 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
$50,001–$100,000
$1,225.36 for the first $50,000 plus $13.19 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
$100,001–$500,000
$1,884.76 for the first $100,000 plus $10.37 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
$500,001–$1,000,000
$6,032.29 for the first $500,000 plus $9.05 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
More than $1,000,000
$10,556.77 for the first $1,000,000 plus $5.43 for each additional $1,000 or fraction
$20,000 valuation example: Base permit fee: $593.85. Standard plan review at 80%: $475.08. Permit issuance: $79. General Plan and technology charges at 10% each: approximately $118.77 combined. Preliminary subtotal: about $1,266.70 before trade-review, Planning, Public Works, Fire, state and other charges.
Project valuation includes labor, finish work, roofing, electrical, plumbing, heating, air conditioning, fire systems and permanent equipment. The Building Official may increase an understated valuation.
Common minor permits

Published Fees for Frequently Requested Work

Permit item
FY 2026–27 fee
Important condition
Like-for-like residential HVAC
$95 per unit
Different type, relocation or new AC is $189; entirely new HVAC is $252.
Residential service panel or generator
$163 per equipment
Utility and Fire coordination may be required.
Like-for-like residential water heater
$94
Relocation or type change is $189.
Residential water-line replacement or relocation
$189
A new line uses the valuation fee table.
Residential drain-line replacement or relocation
$189
Sanitary-district review may apply.
Residential reroof up to 2,000 square feet
$283
Add $94 for each additional 1,000 square feet or fraction.
Up to five residential retrofit windows or sliding doors
$189
Over five: $190 plus $25 for each additional unit.
Fence permit
$189
Planning, flood and Public Works review may be separate.
Minor interior demolition up to 500 square feet
$263
Major demolition uses the valuation table.
Residential solar up to 15 kW
$330
Fire final is required before the city Building final.
Minor-permit figures include applicable inspection and plan-review charges listed for that category, but permit processing, city-department, technology and state charges may still apply.
Plan-check and enforcement fees

Budget for Review Cycles, Missed Inspections and Permit Changes

Service or problem
Published charge
Minimum plan-review fee
$79 when applicable
Minor plan review
$158
Flood-zone Building Division plan review
15% of the applicable plan-check fee
Revision to approved plans
Hourly
Permit extension
$189
Temporary Certificate of Occupancy
$283 per 30 days
Reinspection after first reinspection
$94 each
Missed inspection
$94
After-hours inspection
$226 per hour, two-hour minimum
Investigation for work performed without permits
An additional amount equal to the permit fee
Inspection command board

Schedule Novato Inspections Through the Permit Portal

Permit status

The permit must show Issued before an inspection can be requested.

Requester access

The person scheduling must be listed as a contact in the permit record.

Portal menu

Sign in and select My Inspections.

Scheduling goal

The city strives to offer next-day inspections when workload allows.

Have ready

  • Issued permit number
  • Project address
  • Correct inspection type
  • Onsite contact number
  • Gate or access instructions
  • Special inspection reports

Prepare the site

  • Approved plans available
  • Correct phase complete
  • Work remains exposed
  • Corrections completed
  • Safe inspector access
  • Required tests ready
All regulated work must be inspected before it is covered. Heavy workload, holidays and city closure days can move the request to the next available business day.
Construction-hour rules

Work Only During Authorized Novato Construction Hours

Monday–Friday

7:00 AM–6:00 PM

Saturday

10:00 AM–5:00 PM

Prohibited days

No construction on Sundays or official federal holidays.

Inspection result decoder

What the Portal Inspection Status Means

Requested The request is entered but may not yet have a confirmed route date.
Scheduled Confirm the date and make sure the approved work is accessible.
Approved Save the result and identify the next required inspection.
Corrections Fix every listed item before requesting reinspection.
Not ready or missed Confirm whether a reinspection or missed-inspection fee must be paid.
Final Verify Building, Planning, Fire and Public Works conditions are all closed.
Planning before building

Some Projects Need an Entitlement Before the Building Permit

Discretionary review

A Use Permit, Design Review Permit, subdivision or another entitlement may require public notice and a hearing before Building review.

Portal route

Create a Novato Permits account and submit the application from the Planning section.

Cost recovery

Some Planning applications use a fixed fee; others require a deposit and charge actual staff and consultant costs.

Verify use, parking, setbacks, height, design review, hillside, environmental and neighborhood-notice requirements before paying for final construction drawings.
Tree permit workflow

Resolve Tree Removal Before Demolition or Grading

Application

Submit a Planning application and identify the application type as Tree Permit.

Site plan

Show property lines, structures and the location of every tree proposed for removal.

Photographs

Provide full-tree, surrounding-area and visible-damage photographs.

Arborist letter

Include a signed certified-arborist opinion describing condition and removal need.

A cost-recovery form is required when the application proposes removal of more than five trees. Avoid disturbing an active bird or squirrel nest.
Flood-zone controls

Floodplain Projects Need More Than a Standard Plan Set

Confirm the flood determination

Reference maps are not a final determination. Contact Public Works at 415-899-8246 or pw@novato.org.

Elevation and anchoring

New development in a Special Flood Hazard Area may need its lowest level elevated and the structure anchored against flood movement.

Substantial improvement

The city describes substantial improvement or damage as work equal to 50% of the original building’s value.

The city’s permit guide identifies all fences located in a flood zone as requiring a building permit, regardless of the normal fence exemption.
Accessory dwelling units

Choose the Correct Novato ADU, JADU or Amnesty Route

New ADU or JADU

Review local standards, state law, zoning, utilities, Fire and site constraints before filing the building application.

Pre-approved plan

A complete and accurate master-plan or site-specific pre-approved ADU submittal is reviewed under the city’s streamlined process.

Older unpermitted unit

The ADU Amnesty Program covers certain units built before January 1, 2020 and may delay enforcement while legalization proceeds.

The city states that a complete and accurate pre-approved ADU plan submittal is reviewed within 30 days. The amnesty program can delay normal enforcement for up to five years while the owner legalizes a qualifying unit.
Residential solar closeout

Pass the Novato Fire Inspection Before the City Building Final

Confirm SolarAPP+ eligibility
Contractor creates portal account
Upload checklist, plans and specifications
Permit issued
Novato Fire final passes
City Building final requested
For qualifying residential SolarAPP+ projects, call Novato Fire at 415-878-2623. Fire inspections require at least 48 hours’ notice. Request the city Building final only after the Fire final has passed.
Commercial and business projects

Do Not Sign a Lease Before Confirming the Legal Use

Planning

Confirm use, parking, design review, signs and entitlement requirements.

Building

Address occupancy, accessibility, structure, energy and tenant improvements.

Fire and utilities

Coordinate Novato Fire, North Marin Water and Novato Sanitary District requirements.

Business license

Complete the city business-license process before operating.

A prior business operating at the address does not prove that a new use is permitted or that the space satisfies current accessibility, Fire or occupancy requirements.
Permit and plan history

Use the Correct Record Search for the Permit Year

Record date
Where to search
Next action
After 2000
Novato Permits record portal
Search the address or permit record and review available permit and inspection information.
Before 2000
Self-service kiosk
Schedule an appointment at the Permit Center for older plans and records.
Former eTRAKiT project
Transferred record
Create portal credentials and continue the migrated project in Novato Permits.
Record not found
Staff assistance
Email permitinfo@novato.gov with the address, approximate year and document type.

Kiosk reservation

Appointments are available Monday–Thursday from 1:00 PM–3:00 PM.

Drop-in availability

Drop-in kiosk hours are 9:00 AM–1:00 PM, but staff support and kiosk availability are not guaranteed.

Staff question hours

Staff is available Monday–Thursday from 9:00 AM–11:00 AM on a first-come basis.

Property-sale check: An application or issued permit does not prove that construction passed final inspection. Verify all related building, trade, Planning, Fire and Public Works approvals.
Troubleshooting

Fix Common Novato Permit Problems

Problem
Likely reason
Best next action
Portal account cannot apply
Credentials or profile validation are incomplete
Complete My Profile verification or contact permit support.
Wrong permit type submitted
The application option did not match the project
Contact staff; the city guide warns that a new application may be required.
Application remains incomplete
Required contact, document, scope detail or approval is missing
Open the Required Documents list and upload one coordinated package.
Planning hold
Use permit, design review, zoning or tree approval is unresolved
Contact planning@novato.gov and request the exact outstanding entitlement.
Inspection option is unavailable
Permit is not issued or requester is not a listed contact
Confirm permit status and ask the record owner to add the requester.
Inspection date is delayed
Heavy workload, closure date or holiday
Choose the next available business day shown in the portal.
Old project is not in expected account
Migrated eTRAKiT record is not connected to current credentials
Contact permit support with the former record number and email address.
Unexpected payment email
Possible phishing attempt
Do not click or pay; verify through Novato Permits or call 415-899-8989.
Ready-to-use contact scripts

What to Say When You Contact Novato

Permit requirement
“I am planning [exact work] at [address]. Does this qualify for an express permit, require a standard building application, or need Planning or Public Works approval first?”
Portal support
“My Novato Permits record is [number]. The portal shows [status]. Which required document, contact validation, payment or department review remains open?”
Inspection scheduling
“Permit [number] is issued. I am a listed contact and need the [inspection type]. The work is complete for that stage and remains visible.”
Old permit record
“I need the permit and final-inspection history for [address] from approximately [year]. Is the record online, transferred from eTRAKiT or available through the pre-2000 kiosk?”
Final closeout checklist

Do Not Finish Until Every Novato Approval Is Complete

  • City jurisdiction confirmed
  • Zoning and Planning route confirmed
  • Tree requirements resolved
  • Flood-zone status checked
  • Correct permit type selected
  • All project contacts added
  • Required documents uploaded
  • Plan-review comments answered
  • Permit formally issued
  • Approved plans available onsite
  • Fire inspections passed
  • Public Works conditions completed
  • Building inspections passed
  • Trade finals completed
  • Permit record shows final status
  • Owner receives final documents
Office map

Novato Community Development Permit Center Location

Address: City of Novato Administrative Offices, 922 Machin Avenue, Novato, CA 94945. Public counter hours are Monday–Thursday from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM.
Official resources

Open the Correct Novato Permit Resource

Frequently asked questions

Novato Building Permit FAQs

Where do I apply for a Novato building permit?

Apply through the Novato Permits online portal. Create an account, validate your credentials, select the correct permit type, add every project contact and upload the files requested by the portal.

What are the Novato Building Division hours and contact details?

Community Development is at 922 Machin Avenue, Novato, California 94945. General hours are Monday through Thursday from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM and alternating Fridays. Public counter hours are Monday through Thursday from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM. Call 415-899-8989.

Which projects require a Novato building permit?

Permits commonly apply to new construction, additions, remodels, kitchens, bathrooms, decks, demolition, reroofing, windows, siding, pools, retaining walls, HVAC, water heaters, plumbing, electrical panels, wiring and solar systems.

Which projects qualify for a Novato residential express permit?

The express route covers eligible like-for-like residential water heaters, HVAC systems in the same location, electrical panels in the same location, reroofs without a pitch change and windows or doors without a size change. Only qualified licensed contractors or permit agents with a valid city business license may use the route.

How do I schedule a Novato building inspection?

Sign in to Novato Permits and select My Inspections. The permit must be issued, and the person requesting the inspection must be listed as a contact on the permit record.

How are Novato building-permit fees calculated?

Major permit fees are generally based on total project valuation. Standard plan review is 80% of the building-permit fee when applicable. A $79 permit-issuance fee and General Plan, technology, state, Planning, Public Works or agency charges may also apply.

How do I find old Novato permits and plans?

Available records after 2000 can be searched through the Novato Permits record portal. Records and plans dated before 2000 are accessed through the self-service kiosk at the Permit Center by appointment or available drop-in hours.

What additional rules apply in a Novato flood zone?

Special Flood Hazard Area projects may require elevation, anchoring, flood-resistant construction and additional plan review. Obtain an accurate flood determination from Public Works. The city’s permit guide also identifies all fences in a flood zone as requiring a building permit.

What do I need for a Novato tree-removal application?

Prepare the Planning application, a site plan showing the trees, full-tree and surrounding photographs, and a signed certified-arborist letter. A cost-recovery form is required when more than five trees are proposed for removal.

Does Novato have an ADU amnesty or pre-approved plan program?

Yes. The city provides a pre-approved ADU plan process and an amnesty program for certain unpermitted ADUs or JADUs built before January 1, 2020. A complete and accurate pre-approved plan submittal is reviewed through a streamlined process.

Source and accuracy note

Official Information Used for This Guide

Building-Department.org is an independent informational guide and is not the City of Novato.

This article was checked against the City of Novato Building Division, Novato Permits portal, permit-application guide, Schedule an Inspection page, Residential Express Permits, FY 2026–27 Master Fee Schedule, Online Records Search, Planning applications, ADU guidance, Tree Removal Guide, floodplain information and Public Works resources.

Last reviewed: July 22, 2026.

Permit types, portal screens, fees, office calendars, inspection availability, codes and outside-agency requirements can change. Confirm project-specific information before submitting, paying or beginning construction.

Free Building Permit & Inspection Assistant

Check Permit Type, Estimate Fees, Prepare Inspections and Find Official Building Department Links

Use this free tool before applying for a building permit, booking an inspection, checking zoning rules, or searching permit records. It helps homeowners, contractors, landlords, buyers, and business owners understand the next step before visiting the official building department portal.

Start Permit Helper
8 toolsPermit finder, fee estimate, inspection checklist, zoning pre-check, and official searches.
All citiesWorks sitewide on city, county, village, and regional building department pages.
No loginNo address, permit number, email, or private data is required to use the tool.
Mobile-firstBuilt for visitors checking permits and inspections from a phone.

What building department task do you need help with?

Choose your goal. The tool will suggest the right next step, what to prepare, and which official page to check.

Homeowner tip

Before starting work, check whether your project needs building, zoning, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, right-of-way, or HOA approval.

Contractor tip

Many portals require contractor registration, license details, insurance, plans, owner authorization, and inspection scheduling access.

Building Permit Type Finder

Select the project type to understand which permits or reviews are commonly required. Always confirm with the official local building department.

Permit Fee Estimate Calculator

Estimate a rough permit fee using project value and common percentage-based review assumptions. Local minimum fees, technology fees, impact fees, reinspection fees, and trade fees can change the final amount.

Inspection Readiness Checklist

Use this before scheduling framing, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, roofing, final, or certificate-related inspections.

Zoning and Setback Pre-check

Use this before applying for a permit when your project may affect land use, setbacks, lot coverage, height, parking, signs, fences, accessory structures, or business use.

Plan Review Timeline Estimator

Estimate how complex your review may be. Local staffing, incomplete plans, corrections, holidays, fire review, zoning review, and outside agency review can change timing.

Permit Records Search Helper

Use this if you are trying to find old permits, inspection history, certificate of occupancy details, open permits, or code-related records.

Official Building Department Resource Finder

Enter city/county and state to create safe searches for official permit portals, inspection scheduling, building codes, zoning maps, forms, fees, and contact pages.

Building Department vs Planning/Zoning

  • Building Department: permits, plan review, inspections, code compliance, certificates.
  • Planning/Zoning: land use, setbacks, height, lot coverage, signs, parking, variances.

Best sitewide placement

Place this tool after the first main guide section or before FAQs. It turns a normal article into a practical permit-preparation page.

Important note

This tool gives educational guidance only. Final permit requirements, fees, inspections, forms, and deadlines must be confirmed with the official local building department.

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